导航栏 | Navs
有关如何使用 Bootstrap 包含的导航组件的文档和示例。
基本导航
在Bootstrap中分享一些导航中可用的标记和风格, 从基础的 .nav
类中通过切换修饰符类以在可用和禁用状态之间切换。
基础的.nav
组件是用fiexbox组建的,为组建各种类型的导航组件提供坚实的基础。其包含一些样式的覆盖(用于处理列表),一些link有更大的padding并且禁用了一些基础样式。
基础的.nav
组件不包含任何.active
状态。 下面的例子就使用了这个类, 主要是证明这个特定的类不会触发任何特殊的样式。
<ul class="nav">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
类在整个页面中生效,因此你可以非常灵活的使用。像上面使用 <ul>
, 或者用你自己的<nav>
标签。因为这个 .nav
标签使用了 display: flex
, 导航链接的动过和导航的动作是相同的,只是没有额外标记出而已。
<nav class="nav">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
可用样式
通过改变修饰符和组件来改变.nav
的样式。根据需要自行搭配,或者使用自己创建的样式。
水平对齐
通过使用Flexbox来更改导航的水平对齐方式。默认情况下,导航是左对齐的,但您可以很容易地将它们更改为居中或右对齐。
居中 .justify-content-center
:
<ul class="nav justify-content-center">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
优对齐 .justify-content-end
:
<ul class="nav justify-content-end">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
垂直对齐
Stack your navigation by changing the flex item direction with the .flex-column
utility. Need to stack them on some viewports but not others? Use the responsive versions (e.g., .flex-sm-column
).
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
当然,不用 <ul>
也可以做到。
<nav class="nav flex-column">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
选项卡导航
同样使用基础的nav样式再添加 .nav-tabs
样式 来生产一个选项卡样式。可以使用JavaScript来创建一个可变区域。
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
胶囊导航
使用同样的HTML, 但是换成.nav-pills
样式:
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
动态填充
强制你的.nav
样式的内容填充满所有的可用空间。要按比例填充所有的 .nav-item
, 要使用 .nav-fill
。注意是占用所有的水平空间,但并非每个导航项都有相同的宽度。
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-fill">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Longer nav link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
当使用 <nav>
基础导航时, 确保在<a>标签中包含 .nav-item
样式。
<nav class="nav nav-pills nav-fill">
<a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
对于需要等宽的标签,使用 .nav-justified
。所有的横向空间都将被导航链接占用,但是不同于 .nav-fill
标签的是 每一个nav条都是等高的。
<nav class="nav nav-pills nav-justified">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Longer nav link</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
于 .nav-fill
使用 <nav>
基础导航相类似,必须确保<a>标签中包含 .nav-item
类.
<nav class="nav nav-pills nav-justified">
<a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
使用flex工具
如果您需要响应式的导航栏,请考虑使用一系列Flexbox。虽然相比之前更复杂,但这在响应的断点上有更大的自定义空间。在下面的示例中,我们的导航将堆叠在最低断点上,然后从断点开始填充可用宽度的自适应水平布局。
<nav class="nav nav-pills flex-column flex-sm-row">
<a class="flex-sm-fill text-sm-center nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
<a class="flex-sm-fill text-sm-center nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="flex-sm-fill text-sm-center nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
<a class="flex-sm-fill text-sm-center nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</nav>
Regarding accessibility
If you’re using navs to provide a navigation bar, be sure to add a role="navigation"
to the most logical parent container of the <ul>
, or wrap a <nav>
element around the whole navigation. Do not add the role to the <ul>
itself, as this would prevent it from being announced as an actual list by assistive technologies.
Note that navigation bars, even if visually styled as tabs with the .nav-tabs
class, should not be given role="tablist"
, role="tab"
or role="tabpanel"
attributes. These are only appropriate for dynamic tabbed interfaces, as described in the WAI ARIA Authoring Practices. See JavaScript behavior for dynamic tabbed interfaces in this section for an example.
Using dropdowns
Add dropdown menus with a little extra HTML and the dropdowns JavaScript plugin.
Tabs with dropdowns
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu">
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
Pills with dropdowns
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu">
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a>
<div class="dropdown-divider"></div>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
</li>
</ul>
JavaScript behavior
Use the tab JavaScript plugin—include it individually or through the compiled bootstrap.js
file—to extend our navigational tabs and pills to create tabbable panes of local content, even via dropdown menus.
If you’re building our JS from source, it requires util.js
.
Dynamic tabbed interfaces, as described in the WAI ARIA Authoring Practices, require role="tablist"
, role="tab"
, role="tabpanel"
, and additional aria-
attributes in order to convey their structure, functionality and current state to users of assistive technologies (such as screen readers).
Note that dynamic tabbed interfaces should not contain dropdown menus, as this causes both usability and accessibility issues. From a usability perspective, the fact that the currently displayed tab’s trigger element is not immediately visible (as it’s inside the closed dropdown menu) can cause confusion. From an accessibility point of view, there is currently no sensible way to map this sort of construct to a standard WAI ARIA pattern, meaning that it cannot be easily made understandable to users of assistive technologies.
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" id="home-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#home" role="tab" aria-controls="home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="profile-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" aria-controls="profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="contact-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#contact" role="tab" aria-controls="contact" aria-selected="false">Contact</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="contact" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="contact-tab">...</div>
</div>
To help fit your needs, this works with <ul>
-based markup, as shown above, as well as <nav>
-based markup shown below.
<nav class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
<a class="nav-item nav-link active" id="nav-home-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-home" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" id="nav-profile-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-profile" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
<a class="nav-item nav-link" id="nav-contact-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#nav-contact" role="tab" aria-controls="nav-contact" aria-selected="false">Contact</a>
</nav>
<div class="tab-content" id="nav-tabContent">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="nav-home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="nav-profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="nav-contact" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="nav-contact-tab">...</div>
</div>
The tabs plugin also works with pills.
<ul class="nav nav-pills mb-3" id="pills-tab" role="tablist">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" id="pills-home-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#pills-home" role="tab" aria-controls="pills-home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="pills-profile-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#pills-profile" role="tab" aria-controls="pills-profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="pills-contact-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#pills-contact" role="tab" aria-controls="pills-contact" aria-selected="false">Contact</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content" id="pills-tabContent">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="pills-home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="pills-home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="pills-profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="pills-profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="pills-contact" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="pills-contact-tab">...</div>
</div>
And with vertical pills.
<div class="nav flex-column nav-pills" id="v-pills-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical">
<a class="nav-link active" id="v-pills-home-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#v-pills-home" role="tab" aria-controls="v-pills-home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
<a class="nav-link" id="v-pills-profile-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#v-pills-profile" role="tab" aria-controls="v-pills-profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
<a class="nav-link" id="v-pills-messages-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#v-pills-messages" role="tab" aria-controls="v-pills-messages" aria-selected="false">Messages</a>
<a class="nav-link" id="v-pills-settings-tab" data-toggle="pill" href="#v-pills-settings" role="tab" aria-controls="v-pills-settings" aria-selected="false">Settings</a>
</div>
<div class="tab-content" id="v-pills-tabContent">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-pills-home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-pills-home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="v-pills-profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-pills-profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="v-pills-messages" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-pills-messages-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="v-pills-settings" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-pills-settings-tab">...</div>
</div>
Using data attributes
You can activate a tab or pill navigation without writing any JavaScript by simply specifying data-toggle="tab"
or data-toggle="pill"
on an element. Use these data attributes on .nav-tabs
or .nav-pills
.
<!-- Nav tabs -->
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" id="home-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#home" role="tab" aria-controls="home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="profile-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" aria-controls="profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="messages-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#messages" role="tab" aria-controls="messages" aria-selected="false">Messages</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="settings-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#settings" role="tab" aria-controls="settings" aria-selected="false">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- Tab panes -->
<div class="tab-content">
<div class="tab-pane active" id="home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="messages" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="messages-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="settings" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="settings-tab">...</div>
</div>
Via JavaScript
Enable tabbable tabs via JavaScript (each tab needs to be activated individually):
$('#myTab a').on('click', function (e) {
e.preventDefault()
$(this).tab('show')
})
You can activate individual tabs in several ways:
$('#myTab a[href="#profile"]').tab('show') // Select tab by name
$('#myTab a:first').tab('show') // Select first tab
$('#myTab a:last').tab('show') // Select last tab
$('#myTab li:eq(2) a').tab('show') // Select third tab (0-indexed)
Fade effect
To make tabs fade in, add .fade
to each .tab-pane
. The first tab pane must also have .show
to make the initial content visible.
<div class="tab-content">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="messages" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="messages-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="settings" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="settings-tab">...</div>
</div>
Methods
Asynchronous methods and transitions
All API methods are asynchronous and start a transition. They return to the caller as soon as the transition is started but before it ends. In addition, a method call on a transitioning component will be ignored.
See our JavaScript documentation for more information.
$().tab
Activates a tab element and content container. Tab should have either a data-target
or an href
targeting a container node in the DOM.
<ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" id="home-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#home" role="tab" aria-controls="home" aria-selected="true">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="profile-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" aria-controls="profile" aria-selected="false">Profile</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="messages-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#messages" role="tab" aria-controls="messages" aria-selected="false">Messages</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" id="settings-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#settings" role="tab" aria-controls="settings" aria-selected="false">Settings</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div class="tab-pane active" id="home" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="home-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="profile" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="profile-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="messages" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="messages-tab">...</div>
<div class="tab-pane" id="settings" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="settings-tab">...</div>
</div>
<script>
$(function () {
$('#myTab a:last').tab('show')
})
</script>
.tab(‘show’)
Selects the given tab and shows its associated pane. Any other tab that was previously selected becomes unselected and its associated pane is hidden. Returns to the caller before the tab pane has actually been shown (i.e. before the shown.bs.tab
event occurs).
$('#someTab').tab('show')
.tab(‘dispose’)
Destroys an element’s tab.
Events
When showing a new tab, the events fire in the following order:
hide.bs.tab
(on the current active tab)show.bs.tab
(on the to-be-shown tab)hidden.bs.tab
(on the previous active tab, the same one as for thehide.bs.tab
event)shown.bs.tab
(on the newly-active just-shown tab, the same one as for theshow.bs.tab
event)
If no tab was already active, then the hide.bs.tab
and hidden.bs.tab
events will not be fired.
Event Type | Description |
---|---|
show.bs.tab | This event fires on tab show, but before the new tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively. |
shown.bs.tab | This event fires on tab show after a tab has been shown. Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the active tab and the previous active tab (if available) respectively. |
hide.bs.tab | This event fires when a new tab is to be shown (and thus the previous active tab is to be hidden). Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the current active tab and the new soon-to-be-active tab, respectively. |
hidden.bs.tab | This event fires after a new tab is shown (and thus the previous active tab is hidden). Use event.target and event.relatedTarget to target the previous active tab and the new active tab, respectively. |
$('a[data-toggle="tab"]').on('shown.bs.tab', function (e) {
e.target // newly activated tab
e.relatedTarget // previous active tab
})
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